Certainly.

Are you the babel language developer? Or are you just an user who is
wanting to leverage it in an different tool? If you are not the
developer I'm guessing you will have some real trouble doing it,
licensing and otherwise. A visual studio language service is usually
pretty integrated with Visual Studio so I'm guessing you won't be able
to re-use much of that but for compiling languages it usually boils
down to an MSBuild task, which you can definitely leverage from other
tools easily. Look in the babel project file and find out where it is
importing its tasks from, then find that task and which assemblies it
uses for those tasks. You could easily add a reference to that
assembly or leverage MSBuild to execute that compile task.