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.NET Forum / Languages / Managed C++ / August 2006Problem with multiply defined symbols in a mixed-mode DLL
I have 5 native static libraries that are being compiled in Visual Studio 2005 with the /MDd C Runtime option. I have 2 CLR DLLs (all managed code) in Visual Studio 2005 and the /MDd C Runtime setting. They are in the same solution, and compile/link without problems (Debug configuration). I also have 1 mixed-mode CLR DLL that consumes both the static libraries and managed DLLs. It is configured to use the /MDd C Runtime library. When I add it to the solution (making sure its references are correct), it gives linking errors shown below. I am a relatively young developer, spoiled by Java and C#. I understand that the problems indicate an attempt to link against 2 versions of the C Runtime Library -- but I have no idea what settings to check (or what to look for in the code) in order to resolve the problem. I have been making sure that C++ --> Code Generation --> Runtime Library is set to /MDd for everything. Are there other settings or places in code that could cause me to link to another version? Thanks for any advice you could give, John -----=[ Begin Example Linking Errors ]=----- LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib 'LIBCMTD' conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library libcpmtd.lib(cerr.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >(class std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > *,bool)" (??0?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAE@PAV?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@1@_N@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib(stdexcpt.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::exception::exception(void)" (??0exception@std@@QAE@XZ) already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) C:\path\MixedMode.dll : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found > I have 5 native static libraries that are being compiled in Visual > Studio 2005 with the /MDd C Runtime option. I have 2 CLR DLLs (all [quoted text clipped - 18 lines] > settings or places in code that could cause me to link to another > version? Something in that mix was compiled with /MTd, not /MDd. Re-check your project settings for everything in the link, and make sure to do a Rebuild-All. You can also use dumpbin /directives myfile.obj (or .lib) to see the defaultlib directives in an object or library file. That could help you pin down which module is at fault. -cd Carl, Thanks very much for telling me about the 'dumpbin' command: I never knew about it. I've run it on one of the native libraries, and have come up with the output below. I can see that this library has "/DEFAULTLIB:LIBCMTD" but I'm confused as to why because my C++ --> Code Generation --> Runtime Library is set to "/MDd" and my librarian command line looks like the following: /OUT:"Debug\native.lib" /NOLOGO /NODEFAULTLIB:"libcmtd.lib" /NODEFAULTLIB:"libcpmtd.lib" When I set my libraries and DLLs to compile with option /MDd, which C Runtime Library should I expect to see in /dumpbin? libcmdd.lib? As you can see, I've done enough searching/reading to know what my problem is. But every time someone has this sort of problem, the answer is always, "oh, just make sure you're linking against the same C Runtime throughout" -- with no explaination of which settings to check in the project's properties, so I'm very lost. =( Can anyone please help me understand what my next steps should be? Thanks! John -----=[ Begin /dumpbin output ]=----- Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 7.10.3077 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Dump of file native.lib File Type: LIBRARY Linker Directives ----------------- /manifestdependency:"type='win32' name='Microsoft.VC80.DebugCRT' version='8.0.50608.0' processorArchitecture='x86' publicKeyToken='1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b'" /DEFAULTLIB:"msvcprtd" /manifestdependency:"type='win32' name='Microsoft.VC80.DebugCRT' version='8.0.50608.0' processorArchitecture='x86' publicKeyToken='1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b'" /alternatename:__imp_??$?5DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@YAAAV?$basic_istream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@0@AAV10@AAD@Z=__imp_??5std@@YAAAV?$basic_istream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@0@AAV10@AAD@Z /DEFAULTLIB:"MSVCRTD" /DEFAULTLIB:"OLDNAMES" Linker Directives ----------------- /DEFAULTLIB:"libcpmtd" /DEFAULTLIB:"LIBCMTD" /DEFAULTLIB:"OLDNAMES" Linker Directives ----------------- /DEFAULTLIB:"libcpmtd" /DEFAULTLIB:"LIBCMTD" /DEFAULTLIB:"OLDNAMES" Linker Directives ----------------- /DEFAULTLIB:"LIBCMTD" /DEFAULTLIB:"OLDNAMES" Linker Directives ----------------- /DEFAULTLIB:"libcpmtd" /DEFAULTLIB:"uuid.lib" /DEFAULTLIB:"uuid.lib" /include:?id@?$numpunct@D@std@@2V0locale@2@A /include:?id@?$num_put@DV?$ostreambuf_iterator@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@@std@@2V0locale@2@A /DEFAULTLIB:"LIBCMTD" /DEFAULTLIB:"OLDNAMES" Summary E8 .CRT$XCU 6A1 .bss 685 .data 4CEB8 .debug$S 208 .debug$T 3EE .drectve 114D .rdata 9DD .rdata$r 14 .rtc$IMZ 14 .rtc$TMZ 19C .sxdata 1360A .text 135A .text$x 67B .text$yc 1A2 .text$yd 19E0 .xdata$x I've answered one of my own questions but still have a long way to go.. > When I set my libraries and DLLs to compile with option /MDd, which C > Runtime Library should I expect to see in /dumpbin? libcmdd.lib? The article at http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2kzt1wy3.aspx answers this question. Also, http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/abx4dbyh.aspx is another resource. > Carl, > [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] > set > to "/MDd" and my librarian command line looks like the following: OK, your project is set correctly. The next step is to check the settings on every individual .cpp file in the project. Those settings can be overridden on a file by file basis. > /OUT:"Debug\native.lib" /NOLOGO /NODEFAULTLIB:"libcmtd.lib" > /NODEFAULTLIB:"libcpmtd.lib" I'm not sure that the /nodefaultlib option has any bearing on the lib command (which is really just a wrapper over link /lib). > When I set my libraries and DLLs to compile with option /MDd, which C > Runtime Library should I expect to see in /dumpbin? libcmdd.lib? You should see msvcrtd.lib > As you can see, I've done enough searching/reading to know what my > problem is. But every time someone has this sort of problem, the [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > > Can anyone please help me understand what my next steps should be? -cd > OK, your project is set correctly. The next step is to check the settings > on every individual .cpp file in the project. Those settings can be > overridden on a file by file basis. Carl, That was the problem. I didn't know that individual files could overwrite the project-level setting! Some of them were - as you can guess - set to /MTd. After resetting every single file (groan) for /MDd, everything compiles and links! Thanks so much! John >> OK, your project is set correctly. The next step is to check the >> settings [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > After resetting every single file (groan) for /MDd, everything compiles > and links! Glad it worked! Those per-file overrides are really handy when you need 'em, but quite a nuisance when you don't know they're there! There were problems with project conversion from VC6 to VC7 (and 7.1, I think) that would sometimes duplicate project-level settings as file-level settings, so if your project was migrated from VC6 through VC7.x, that may be how those per-file settings got in there. -cd Free MagazinesGet these publications absolutely FREE for up to 12 months. There are no hidden fees and no obligation. Simply choose a title, complete the application form and submit it. Read more ...
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