Hello,

       It happens that one days I had to write program that uses Windows
API, but seems C# do not have anything as convenient as "windows.h" in C++,
so I had to declare the functions myself.

       While most of the codes I found on the net involving C++, I have to
do some ports in order to use them in my code. (and actually I'm building
wrapper classes for the APIs, based on functionality) And I have some
problem on the declarations.

       I'll use ReadFile() to illustrate the problem, here's the prototype
defined in MSDN:

BOOL ReadFile(HANDLE hFile, LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead,
LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead, LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped);

And on the web, I see variants of declarations:

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
static extern int ReadFile (int hFile, ref object lpBuffer, int
nNumberOfBytesToRead, ref int lpNumberOfBytesRead, ref OVERLAPPED
lpOverlapped);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
static extern int ReadFile (int hFile, ref object lpBuffer, int
nNumberOfBytesToRead, out int lpNumberOfBytesRead, out OVERLAPPED
lpOverlapped);

 [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
 public static extern bool ReadFile(System.IntPtr hFile, byte[] lpBuffer,
uint nNumberOfBytesToRead, out uint lpNumberOfBytesRead, out uint
lpOverlapped);

 [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
 public static extern bool ReadFile(System.IntPtr hFile, byte[] lpBuffer,
uint nNumberOfBytesToRead, out int lpNumberOfBytesRead, System.IntPtr
lpOverlapped);

Okay, it seems that the first and last one is closer to defination, so I
included both.

It becomes strange that when places that C++ code uses null and C# yields
compile time error when I use that. I have to use IntPtr.Zero in this case.
Is there any equivalent to the "null in C++ " in C#. In this way I won't
have to duplicate function declarations just to work around cases I have to
pass nulls to them.

I don't what to use unsafe keyword because of some issues. (One of them is I
have poor mind over pointers. :P)

I feel that there should be neater way addressing this issue. Please help if
anyone knows. Thank you.

Regards,
Lau Lei Cheong